水合二氧化硅又名白炭黑,又名輕質二氧化硅,主要成分是二氧化硅,白色無定形粉末,質輕而松散,能溶于苛性堿和氫氟酸,不溶于水、溶劑和酸(氫氟酸除外)。耐高溫、不燃、無味、無嗅、具有很好的電絕緣性。其性能與炭黑相似,但呈白色。
沉淀(dian)白(bai)(bai)(bai)炭(tan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)是(shi)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)補強廣泛使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao),一(yi)(yi)般說來,由(you)于沉淀(dian)白(bai)(bai)(bai)炭(tan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(超細的(de)(de)(de)(de)、表(biao)面處理的(de)(de)(de)(de)例外(wai)(wai))補強效果還(huan)(huan)不及炭(tan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)好(hao)(hao),故(gu)屬半(ban)補強填充材(cai)料(liao)。因(yin)此要(yao)(yao)根據使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)場(chang)合決定代(dai)替(ti)(ti)炭(tan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)百分數。沉淀(dian)白(bai)(bai)(bai)炭(tan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于橡膠(jiao)(jiao)制品(pin)有汽車、翻(fan)斗車、卡車、拖拉機、叉車、自行(xing)車等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內外(wai)(wai)胎(tai)(tai),工業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)皮帶、膠(jiao)(jiao)管、襯墊、膠(jiao)(jiao)板(ban)、糧(liang)食加(jia)工用(yong)(yong)(yong)脫谷膠(jiao)(jiao)輥,以及膠(jiao)(jiao)鞋等(deng)各種(zhong)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)工業(ye)制品(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)都或多(duo)或少地要(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)到白(bai)(bai)(bai)炭(tan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)。在普通輪胎(tai)(tai)內添加(jia)一(yi)(yi)定量的(de)(de)(de)(de)白(bai)(bai)(bai)炭(tan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)能提(ti)高(gao)輪胎(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)。據原(yuan)西(xi)德一(yi)(yi)家公(gong)司輪胎(tai)(tai)配(pei)方研究試驗結(jie)果表(biao)明(ming),若能增配(pei)10~20份白(bai)(bai)(bai)炭(tan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)就可(ke)以改善(shan)膠(jiao)(jiao)接性和(he)抗撕裂性,使(shi)(shi)輪胎(tai)(tai)行(xing)駛里(li)程提(ti)高(gao),同時還(huan)(huan)能增強輪胎(tai)(tai)對(dui)路(lu)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)抓(zhua)著力,以利于安全行(xing)車。我國輪胎(tai)(tai)行(xing)駛里(li)程低于國際水(shui)平,不使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)白(bai)(bai)(bai)炭(tan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)是(shi)原(yuan)因(yin)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。此外(wai)(wai),由(you)于炭(tan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)發(fa)熱(re)量大,國外(wai)(wai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于高(gao)速公(gong)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)汽車輪胎(tai)(tai)也(ye)趨(qu)向于添加(jia)白(bai)(bai)(bai)炭(tan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)。目前國內外(wai)(wai)市場(chang)對(dui)自行(xing)車車胎(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)也(ye)日益多(duo)樣化,如輪胎(tai)(tai)胎(tai)(tai)邊彩色化及閃光圈等(deng)花式新(xin)品(pin)種(zhong),都是(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)白(bai)(bai)(bai)炭(tan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)代(dai)替(ti)(ti)炭(tan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)。在膠(jiao)(jiao)鞋的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產中(zhong)(zhong),人們對(dui)膠(jiao)(jiao)鞋、雨靴、運動鞋、旅游鞋、健身鞋、芭蕾鞋等(deng),不但要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)牢(lao)度(du),而且(qie)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)色調美觀、舒(shu)適(shi)輕便。白(bai)(bai)(bai)炭(tan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)既具有良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)補強性、耐(nai)磨性、防滑(hua)性和(he)鞋面粘著性,又是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)淺色補強材(cai)料(liao),因(yin)此在膠(jiao)(jiao)鞋的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展中(zhong)(zhong)為提(ti)供鞋的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量和(he)款式起著重要(yao)(yao)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。